{"id":1661,"date":"2026-01-02T02:42:56","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T02:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/?p=1661"},"modified":"2026-01-02T02:42:56","modified_gmt":"2026-01-02T02:42:56","slug":"6-tam-ly-hoc-dam-dong-gustave-le-bon-the-crowd-a-study-of-the-popular-mind","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/?p=1661","title":{"rendered":"6. T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng – Gustave Le Bon (The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ednh ti\u00ean phong xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1895, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng – m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 marketing hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U: K\u1ef6 NGUY\u00caN C\u1ee6A \u0110\u00c1M \u0110\u00d4NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong>: Le Bon vi\u1ebft sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p, Paris Commune, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb “th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua” sang “th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m<\/strong>: Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t “t\u00e2m tr\u00ed t\u1eadp th\u1ec3” m\u1edbi – ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, h\u00e0nh vi ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo quy lu\u1eadt ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\/c\u1ea3m x\u00fac chung<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y “v\u00f4 danh” trong t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n “linh h\u1ed3n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3” chi ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh vi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    PH\u1ea6N I: T\u00c2M TR\u00cd C\u1ee6A \u0110\u00c1M \u0110\u00d4NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng – \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “t\u00e2m tr\u00ed t\u1eadp th\u1ec3”<\/strong>: Khi \u1edf trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ba nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00f4 danh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh “ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tan bi\u1ebfn – “m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m v\u1eady”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong>: Trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft man r\u1ee3. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00e1c nh\u00e2n – h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y lan (Contagion)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      • C\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi lan truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb “nhi\u1ec5m” b\u1edfi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • S\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ed7 tay trong r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t, trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, c\u1ea3 r\u1ea1p v\u1ed7 tay d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi la h\u00e9t trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd (Suggestibility)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • Trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u1ee3i \u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • H\u1ecd m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/strong>: Le Bon k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e9t “Ch\u00e1y!” – m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n gi\u1eabm \u0111\u1ea1p nhau t\u00ecm l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y<\/strong>: Trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng “m\u1ee9c v\u0103n minh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.” H\u1ecd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng theo l\u00fd tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1. B\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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          • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy x\u00e9t d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m x\u00fac n\u00e0y sang c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hoan h\u00f4 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi x\u1eed t\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i ph\u00fat sau n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            2. D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tin<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • H\u1ecd tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1<\/strong>: Le Bon k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e1nh “ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u” trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y, h\u00e9t l\u00ean, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y “m\u00e1u” ch\u1ea3y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              3. Ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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              • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0i nghi hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • C\u1ea3m x\u00fac lu\u00f4n \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c c\u0103m gh\u00e9t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i trung gian<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u “t\u1ed1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n” ho\u1eb7c “x\u1ea5u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.” Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111en tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                4. Kh\u00f4ng khoan dung v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong>: C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn, t\u00f2a \u00e1n d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o – \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng khoan dung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u1ecd tin m\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  5. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p t\u00f9y ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 man r\u1ee3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy sinh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u00e1c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd<\/strong>: C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u vua, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Napoleon nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    T\u00ednh b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Le Bon so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1edbi “k\u1ebb man r\u1ee3” – b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch l\u00fd tr\u00ed. M\u1ed9t k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 lynching (h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0)<\/strong>: \u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00ecnh nghi, treo c\u1ed5 ngay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t x\u1eed. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u1ee3i \u00fd<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u00f4i mi\u00ean – h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ee3i \u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n logic hay b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Napoleon<\/strong>: Khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Napoleon \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c Ai C\u1eadp, tinh th\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p. Napoleon ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “Kia l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc!” L\u00ednh l\u00ea b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec. G\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    C\u1ea3m x\u00fac ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c \u0111oan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    • T\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/strong> \u2192 Th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch<\/strong> \u2192 C\u0103m th\u00f9<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Nghi ng\u1edd<\/strong> \u2192 Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eb9<\/strong> \u2192 N\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/strong>: Ng\u00f4i sao \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n th\u1edd cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t scandal nh\u1ecf \u2192 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 quay l\u01b0ng, l\u00ean \u00e1n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan sang c\u1ef1c \u0111oan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng – M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      M\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        \n
                      • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy sinh cao c\u1ea3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • C\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n anh h\u00f9ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh<\/strong>: H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, \u0111i b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn km \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c? \u0110\u1ee9c tin t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        M\u1eb7t x\u1ea5u<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \n
                        • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u00e1c kinh ho\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1p<\/strong>: Trong “Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1,” \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng xem ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng mang gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn xem, v\u1ed7 tay hoan h\u00f4 khi \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01a1i. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          T\u00ednh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u1ecd c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u00e2u xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi “T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, B\u00e1c \u00e1i.” Nh\u01b0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i m\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi Napoleon c\u00f2n chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3: \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng, suy lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u1eafc th\u00e1i, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 “T\u1ef1 do”<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            \n
                          • Tri\u1ebft gia<\/strong> hi\u1ec3u: T\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, kh\u00e1c nhau theo b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong> hi\u1ec3u: T\u1ef1 do = l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                            Khi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “t\u1ef1 do tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i” n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Khi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              \n
                            • Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd g\u1ed1c<\/strong>: Y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tha th\u1ee9, khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • Trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>: Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7n minh cho Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh (gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi), t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i cho nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \n
                              • Marx vi\u1ebft<\/strong>: L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0, bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/strong>: “Gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u, chia c\u1ee7a”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                Suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy lu\u1eadn logic. H\u1ecd suy lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  \n
                                • “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u2192 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u2192 Anh ta l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • Kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf…<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                  Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd n\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Hitler<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: “N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,” “Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t,” “K\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111ang \u00e2m m\u01b0u.” Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/strong>: Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (\u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u), m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: “Gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac,” “Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng,” “\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4: H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c<\/strong>: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin phi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m “t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o” trong ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  1. Th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                    \n
                                  • T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng: Th\u1edd Ch\u00faa<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p: Th\u1edd “N\u1eef th\u1ea7n L\u00fd tr\u00ed”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n: Th\u1edd Marx, Lenin<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • Ph\u00e1t x\u00edt: Th\u1edd l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                    2. S\u1ee3 h\u00e3i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                      \n
                                    • T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: S\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • \u00dd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7: S\u1ee3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 “ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng,” “k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                      3. Ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                        \n
                                      • Gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi = t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\/ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                        4. B\u1ea5t khoan dung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          \n
                                        • D\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin = k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                          5. Nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            \n
                                          • T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, l\u1ec5 nghi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          • Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: Di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh, c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                            V\u00ed d\u1ee5 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                            \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “ch\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o” nh\u01b0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              \n
                                            • T\u1ea1o “Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i L\u00fd tr\u00ed” m\u1edbi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 nghi th\u1edd “N\u1eef th\u1ea7n L\u00fd tr\u00ed”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • X\u1eed t\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi “ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u00fd tr\u00ed” gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 x\u1eed d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                            • T\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh t\u00edch m\u1edbi: C\u1edd c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng anh h\u00f9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                              H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1edd Napoleon<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                              D\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00ec “kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng.” Nh\u01b0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd th\u1edd Napoleon nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                \n
                                              • X\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • K\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ebft theo l\u1ec7nh \u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • Sau khi \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, th\u1edd \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o “t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c” v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  \n
                                                • Gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • Nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • K\u1ebb th\u00f9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                  PH\u1ea6N II: \u00dd KI\u1ebeN V\u00c0 NI\u1ec0M TIN C\u1ee6A \u0110\u00c1M \u0110\u00d4NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 xa v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 xa (Remote factors)<\/strong> – Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  1. Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/strong>: Le Bon tin (theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3) r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi La Tinh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anglo-Saxon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  L\u01b0u \u00fd: Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                  2. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    \n
                                                  • Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                  • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                  • Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng = ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ecdi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (l\u1ecbch m\u1edbi, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi), nh\u01b0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quay l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                    3. Th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                      \n
                                                    • \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                    • C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                      4. Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        \n
                                                      • Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y sang d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                      • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                        5. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong>: Le Bon tin gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0m h\u1ecd nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n v\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra “n\u1eeda v\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c” – \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n (Immediate factors)<\/strong> – K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                        1. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                          \n
                                                        • T\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ma thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                        • Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ma thu\u1eadt<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                            \n
                                                          • “D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7” – \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                              \n
                                                            • “X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a” – g\u1ee3i l\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                            • “T\u1ef1 do” – c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                            • “\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c” – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (th\u1eddi Napoleon) ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c (sau n\u00e0y)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u0129a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                \n
                                                              • T\u1eeb “d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7” \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                              • Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                              • H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  \n
                                                                • \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                • L\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    \n
                                                                  • “T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, B\u00e1c \u00e1i”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  • “N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c tr\u00ean h\u1ebft”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  • “Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                    2. \u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng (Illusions)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                      \n
                                                                    • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    • Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng = ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh tin h\u1ecd \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng cao \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gian kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea7n gian. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? Thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ch\u1ebft v\u00ec n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                      Le Bon vi\u1ebft: “C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                      3. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                        \n
                                                                      • Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      • M\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 – c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda gi\u1ed1ng nhau<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 qu\u00ean nhanh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                        V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n (\u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 bong b\u00f3ng), nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i tin “l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c” v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                        4. L\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          \n
                                                                        • L\u00fd tr\u00ed h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                        • L\u00fd l\u1ebd logic kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                        • C\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n l\u00fd tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khoa h\u1ecdc vs t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong>: Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, logic, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i v\u1edbi l\u00fd tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          Ba lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                          1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                            \n
                                                                          • C\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                          • Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c l\u00e2y lan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                          • Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng minh, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                            V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Napoleon<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n sang qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd tin h\u1ecd b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                            V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Columbus<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111i theo \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                            2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                              \n
                                                                            • Di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft gia, nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                            • Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                            • Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Danton, Robespierre – kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                              3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng uy t\u00edn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                \n
                                                                              • \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 danh ti\u1ebfng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                              • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd v\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i dung<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                              • Uy t\u00edn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                Ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                1. Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh (Affirmation)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                  \n
                                                                                • Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                • C\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft, c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                • Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tranh lu\u1eadn hay ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                  C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/strong>: “X l\u00e0 Y” – kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam “v\u00ec,” kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam “nh\u01b0ng”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  • “N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1eafng”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                  • “Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                  • “Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong> (c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    • “N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 A, B, C…”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                      2. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (Repetition)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        \n
                                                                                      • Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      • L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                      • Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/strong>: Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u00ean v\u00e0 slogan h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n mua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong>: Nazi l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i “Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1” h\u00e0ng ngh\u00e0n l\u1ea7n qua m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        Le Bon vi\u1ebft: “\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ni\u1ec1m tin, v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                        3. L\u00e2y lan (Contagion)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                          \n
                                                                                        • Khi \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin, ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e2y lan nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                        • M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eabn nhau<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                        • Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c n\u1eefa – ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1eddi trang<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean media. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e2y lan – m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c v\u00ec “m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eb7c v\u1eady.” Kh\u00f4ng ai h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bong b\u00f3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                            \n
                                                                                          1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                          2. Media l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                          3. FOMO (s\u1ee3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1) l\u00e2y lan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                          4. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 mua kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                          5. Bong b\u00f3ng v\u1ee1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                            Vai tr\u00f2 uy t\u00edn (Prestige)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                            Uy t\u00edn l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0169ng tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                            Hai lo\u1ea1i uy t\u00edn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                            1. Uy t\u00edn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Acquired prestige)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                              \n
                                                                                            • T\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, danh hi\u1ec7u, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                            • T\u00edch l\u0169y qua th\u1eddi gian<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                            • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u00e1c s\u0129, CEO – ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin l\u1eddi h\u1ecd ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                              2. Uy t\u00edn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (Personal prestige)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                \n
                                                                                              • T\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                              • M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                              • Kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Napoleon c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi thua tr\u1eadn, b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef uy t\u00edn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                Uy t\u00edn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                Uy t\u00edn r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t b\u00ea b\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u00e1n – uy t\u00edn tan bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Robespierre t\u1eebng c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng quay l\u01b0ng. \u00d4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u00e9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Uy t\u00edn bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3: Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh vs \u00dd ki\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (Fixed beliefs)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                • N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n minh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm (h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                • V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                  \u00dd ki\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i (Changeable opinions)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                  • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                  • Kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                  • V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi trang, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    Nguy hi\u1ec3m khi m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    Khi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Khi ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o suy y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u00c2u ch\u00e2u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19-20, \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ni\u1ec1m tin thay th\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, Ph\u00e1t x\u00edt). H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n TIN v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    Chu k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                    Le Bon nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh theo chu k\u1ef3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                    1. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh<\/strong>: Ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    2. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong>: Ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1ea1nh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    3. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0ng kim<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec9nh cao v\u0103n minh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    4. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy t\u00e0n<\/strong>: Ni\u1ec1m tin y\u1ebfu \u0111i, ho\u00e0i nghi gia t\u0103ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                    5. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5<\/strong>: M\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                      PH\u1ea6N III: PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I V\u00c0 M\u00d4 T\u1ea2 C\u00c1C LO\u1ea0I \u0110\u00c1M \u0110\u00d4NG KH\u00c1C NHAU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                      Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                      Hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                      1. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t (Heterogeneous)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                      • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00f4 danh (kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                      • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 danh (c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n, h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                        2. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t (Homogeneous)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                        • Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i (ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                        • Giai c\u1ea5p (l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf chung)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                        • \u0110\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p (qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u…)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m (Criminal Crowds)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m h\u00f3a”<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m khi trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                          Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t ng\u00e0y Th\u00e1nh Bartholomew (1572)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                          • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin l\u00e0nh \u1edf Paris<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                          • Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                          • Sau \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1eady<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                          • M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed v\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                            Lynching \u1edf M\u1ef9<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                            • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd, treo c\u1ed5<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                            • M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i: “T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                            • Kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                              \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                              • C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u1ee3i \u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                              • H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                              • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00ec “tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp th\u1ec3”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                              • Sau khi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/strong>: Le Bon l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. Tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3: B\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m (Criminal Juries)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd<\/strong>: B\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                1. D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb thao t\u00fang<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                                                                                                • Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng logic<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                • H\u1ecd k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                • H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng tranh lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng DNA. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb c\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0a m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c l\u00ean b\u1ee5c. B\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2192 Tuy\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                  2. B\u1ecb uy t\u00edn chi ph\u1ed1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                                                                                                  • Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                  • B\u1ecb c\u00e1o \u0103n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                  • N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u2192 b\u1ecb c\u00e1o b\u1ecb x\u1eed n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                    3. Thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                                                                                                    • Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                    • Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean “c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                    • Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                      Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Le Bon<\/strong>: B\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nguy hi\u1ec3m khi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng THEO C\u1ea2M X\u00daC, kh\u00f4ng theo l\u00fd tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                      Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed (Electoral Crowds)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                      T\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1eed tri<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                      \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c – b\u1ecb g\u1ee3i \u00fd, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, uy t\u00edn chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                      Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                      1. Uy t\u00edn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                      • \u1ee8ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o uy t\u00edn tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                      • Danh hi\u1ec7u, th\u00e0nh t\u00edch (th\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                      • \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                        2. Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                        • Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                        • Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                        • “N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i!” kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                          3. H\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                          • H\u1ee9a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                          • Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u1ea3 thi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                          • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                            4. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                            • C\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                            • M\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n: poster, b\u00e1o, di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                            • Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                              5. C\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                                                                                                                              • T\u1ea1o k\u1ebb th\u00f9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                              • \u0110\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                              • \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a: T\u1ed1t vs X\u1ea5u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                Napoleon III<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                • Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn t\u1eeb ch\u00fa (Napoleon I)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                • Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                • H\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c vinh quang Ph\u00e1p<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                • Th\u1eafng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                  B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc<\/strong>: C\u1eed tri kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, hy v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                  Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb (Parliamentary Assemblies)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                  Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                  Le Bon g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c khi cho r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n – bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn – c\u0169ng tu\u00e2n theo t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                  \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                  1. B\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                  • Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                  • Tranh lu\u1eadn k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t \u2192 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                  • Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed9n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1870 trong nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                    2. D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                    • M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft gia t\u00e0i ba chi ph\u1ed1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                    • \u0110a s\u1ed1 im l\u1eb7ng, \u0111i theo<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                    • “Tranh lu\u1eadn” th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch cho \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                      3. Ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u00f3m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                      • Ngh\u1ecb vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1eed tri (\u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                      • Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                      • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd tr\u00ed n\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t phi\u1ebfu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                        H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                        Le Bon kh\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t cho th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                        Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/strong>: C\u1ea7n quan li\u00eau k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                        K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN V\u00c0 T\u1ed4NG H\u1ee2P<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                        Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Le Bon<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                        1. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                        • X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang thay th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                        • Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n sang t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                        • \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                          2. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd ri\u00eang<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                          • Kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                          • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                          • C\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                            3. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m x\u00fac chi ph\u1ed1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                            • L\u00fd tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                            • H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                            • Logic v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                              4. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                              • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                              • C\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                              • L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t \u2192 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng anh h\u00f9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                              • L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u1ea5u \u2192 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                5. V\u0103n minh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                • X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                • M\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin = s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u0103n minh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                  \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                  1. Marketing & Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                  • Kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                  • T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                  • Apple kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u00e1n “lifestyle”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                    2. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                    • Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1eafng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                    • “Make America Great Again” hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 100 trang<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                    • T\u1ea1o k\u1ebb th\u00f9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                      3. M\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                      • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                      • Viral content = l\u00e2y lan t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                      • Cancel culture = \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                        4. Phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                        • Hi\u1ec3u t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phong tr\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                        • Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nghi l\u1ec5, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                        • Black Lives Matter: C\u00e2u kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, d\u1ec5 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                          Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n Le Bon<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                          1. Bi quan th\u00e1i qu\u00e1<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                          • Le Bon coi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                          • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                          • Thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 tinh anh tr\u1ecb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                            2. \u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                            • Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                            • Coi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 “th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m” so v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                            • Kh\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                              3. Qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                              • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                              • C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                              • Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u phi l\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                D\u00f9 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Le Bon v\u1eabn h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                1. C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                • C\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi thao t\u00fang t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                • T\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                  2. Hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                  • Nh\u1eadn ra khi b\u1ecb thao t\u00fang<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                  • Kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                  • Gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u01b0 duy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                    3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                    • Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                    • M\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                    • V\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                      Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                      Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, khi “\u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Le Bon c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                      S\u1ed1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ri\u00eang ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                      T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng – Gustave Le Bon (The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                      Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ednh ti\u00ean phong xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1895, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng – m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 marketing hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                      GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U: K\u1ef6 NGUY\u00caN C\u1ee6A \u0110\u00c1M \u0110\u00d4NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                      B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong>: Le Bon vi\u1ebft sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p, Paris Commune, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb “th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua” sang “th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                      Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00e2m<\/strong>: Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd, h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t “t\u00e2m tr\u00ed t\u1eadp th\u1ec3” m\u1edbi – ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, h\u00e0nh vi ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo quy lu\u1eadt ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                      \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                      • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                      • C\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\/c\u1ea3m x\u00fac chung<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                      • M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y “v\u00f4 danh” trong t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                      • Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n “linh h\u1ed3n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3” chi ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh vi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                        PH\u1ea6N I: T\u00c2M TR\u00cd C\u1ee6A \u0110\u00c1M \u0110\u00d4NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                        Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng – \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                        Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “t\u00e2m tr\u00ed t\u1eadp th\u1ec3”<\/strong>: Khi \u1edf trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                        Ba nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                        1. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00f4 danh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                        • Trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh “ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                        • Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tan bi\u1ebfn – “m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m v\u1eady”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                        • \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong>: Trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft man r\u1ee3. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00e1c nh\u00e2n – h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                          2. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y lan (Contagion)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                          • C\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi lan truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                          • M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb “nhi\u1ec5m” b\u1edfi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                          • S\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                            Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ed7 tay trong r\u1ea1p h\u00e1t, trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, c\u1ea3 r\u1ea1p v\u1ed7 tay d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi la h\u00e9t trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                            3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd (Suggestibility)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                            • Trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u1ee3i \u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                            • H\u1ecd m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                            • Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/strong>: Le Bon k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e9t “Ch\u00e1y!” – m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n gi\u1eabm \u0111\u1ea1p nhau t\u00ecm l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                              K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y<\/strong>: Trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng “m\u1ee9c v\u0103n minh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.” H\u1ecd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng theo l\u00fd tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                              \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                              1. B\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                              • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                              • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy x\u00e9t d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                              • Chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m x\u00fac n\u00e0y sang c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hoan h\u00f4 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi x\u1eed t\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0i ph\u00fat sau n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                2. D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tin<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                • H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                • H\u1ecd tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1<\/strong>: Le Bon k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e1nh “ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u” trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y, h\u00e9t l\u00ean, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y “m\u00e1u” ch\u1ea3y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0i nghi hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                  • C\u1ea3m x\u00fac lu\u00f4n \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: t\u00ecnh y\u00eau tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c c\u0103m gh\u00e9t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i trung gian<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u “t\u1ed1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n” ho\u1eb7c “x\u1ea5u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.” Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111en tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                    4. Kh\u00f4ng khoan dung v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                    • H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong>: C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn, t\u00f2a \u00e1n d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o – \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng khoan dung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng. H\u1ecd tin m\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                      5. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p t\u00f9y ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 man r\u1ee3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                      • H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy sinh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u00e1c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd<\/strong>: C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba n\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u vua, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng Napoleon nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        T\u00ednh b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        Le Bon so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1edbi “k\u1ebb man r\u1ee3” – b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n theo c\u00e1ch l\u00fd tr\u00ed. M\u1ed9t k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 lynching (h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0)<\/strong>: \u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00ecnh nghi, treo c\u1ed5 ngay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t x\u1eed. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u1ee3i \u00fd<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u00f4i mi\u00ean – h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra g\u1ee3i \u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n logic hay b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Napoleon<\/strong>: Khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Napoleon \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t \u1edf sa m\u1ea1c Ai C\u1eadp, tinh th\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p. Napoleon ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “Kia l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc!” L\u00ednh l\u00ea b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec. G\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        C\u1ea3m x\u00fac ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                        \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c \u0111oan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                        • T\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/strong> \u2192 Th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch<\/strong> \u2192 C\u0103m th\u00f9<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Nghi ng\u1edd<\/strong> \u2192 Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eb9<\/strong> \u2192 N\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/strong>: Ng\u00f4i sao \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n th\u1edd cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t scandal nh\u1ecf \u2192 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 quay l\u01b0ng, l\u00ean \u00e1n d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan sang c\u1ef1c \u0111oan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                          \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng – M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                          M\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                          • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy sinh cao c\u1ea3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                          • S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                          • C\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n anh h\u00f9ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                            V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh<\/strong>: H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, \u0111i b\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn km \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c? \u0110\u1ee9c tin t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                            M\u1eb7t x\u1ea5u<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                            • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                            • D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u00e1c kinh ho\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1p<\/strong>: Trong “Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1,” \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng xem ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng mang gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn xem, v\u1ed7 tay hoan h\u00f4 khi \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u01a1i. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              T\u00ednh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u1ecd c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u00e2u xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi “T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, B\u00e1c \u00e1i.” Nh\u01b0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i m\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi Napoleon c\u00f2n chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3: \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng, suy lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u1eafc th\u00e1i, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 “T\u1ef1 do”<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Tri\u1ebft gia<\/strong> hi\u1ec3u: T\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, kh\u00e1c nhau theo b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong> hi\u1ec3u: T\u1ef1 do = l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                Khi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “t\u1ef1 do tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i” n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                Khi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u1ecdc xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd g\u1ed1c<\/strong>: Y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tha th\u1ee9, khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>: Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7n minh cho Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh (gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi), t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i cho nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Marx vi\u1ebft<\/strong>: L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0, bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u<\/strong>: “Gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u, chia c\u1ee7a”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng suy lu\u1eadn logic. H\u1ecd suy lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u2192 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u2192 Anh ta l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf…<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd n\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Hitler<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: “N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,” “Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t,” “K\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111ang \u00e2m m\u01b0u.” Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/strong>: Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (\u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u), m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh: “Gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac,” “Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng,” “\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4: H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c<\/strong>: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin phi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m “t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o” trong ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng: Th\u1edd Ch\u00faa<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p: Th\u1edd “N\u1eef th\u1ea7n L\u00fd tr\u00ed”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n: Th\u1edd Marx, Lenin<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Ph\u00e1t x\u00edt: Th\u1edd l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. S\u1ee3 h\u00e3i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: S\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u00dd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7: S\u1ee3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 “ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng,” “k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi = t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\/ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                            4. B\u1ea5t khoan dung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • D\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin = k\u1ebb th\u00f9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                              5. Nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, l\u1ec5 nghi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: Di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh, c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 “ch\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o” nh\u01b0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • T\u1ea1o “Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i L\u00fd tr\u00ed” m\u1edbi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 nghi th\u1edd “N\u1eef th\u1ea7n L\u00fd tr\u00ed”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • X\u1eed t\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi “ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u00fd tr\u00ed” gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 x\u1eed d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                • T\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh t\u00edch m\u1edbi: C\u1edd c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng anh h\u00f9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1edd Napoleon<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  D\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00ec “kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng.” Nh\u01b0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd th\u1edd Napoleon nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • X\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • K\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ebft theo l\u1ec7nh \u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sau khi \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, th\u1edd \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o “t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c” v\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • K\u1ebb th\u00f9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      PH\u1ea6N II: \u00dd KI\u1ebeN V\u00c0 NI\u1ec0M TIN C\u1ee6A \u0110\u00c1M \u0110\u00d4NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 xa v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 xa (Remote factors)<\/strong> – Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/strong>: Le Bon tin (theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3) r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi La Tinh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anglo-Saxon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      L\u01b0u \u00fd: Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng = ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ecdi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (l\u1ecbch m\u1edbi, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi), nh\u01b0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quay l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. Th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4. Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y sang d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            5. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong>: Le Bon tin gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0m h\u1ecd nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n v\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra “n\u1eeda v\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c” – \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n (Immediate factors)<\/strong> – K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • T\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ma thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ma thu\u1eadt<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • “D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7” – \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • “X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a” – g\u1ee3i l\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • “T\u1ef1 do” – c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • “\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c” – c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c (th\u1eddi Napoleon) ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c (sau n\u00e0y)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u0129a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • T\u1eeb “d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7” \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • L\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • “T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, B\u00e1c \u00e1i”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • “N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c tr\u00ean h\u1ebft”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • “Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. \u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng (Illusions)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng = ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng Th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 chinh tin h\u1ecd \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng cao \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gian kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/strong>: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea7n gian. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf? Thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ch\u1ebft v\u00ec n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Le Bon vi\u1ebft: “C\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • M\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 – c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda gi\u1ed1ng nhau<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 qu\u00ean nhanh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n (\u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 bong b\u00f3ng), nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i tin “l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c” v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4. L\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • L\u00fd tr\u00ed h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • L\u00fd l\u1ebd logic kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • C\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n l\u00fd tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khoa h\u1ecdc vs t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/strong>: Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, logic, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i v\u1edbi l\u00fd tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ba lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • C\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c l\u00e2y lan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng minh, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Napoleon<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n sang qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd tin h\u1ecd b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Columbus<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111i theo \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft gia, nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 Danton, Robespierre – kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng uy t\u00edn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 danh ti\u1ebfng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd v\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i dung<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Uy t\u00edn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh (Affirmation)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • C\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft, c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tranh lu\u1eadn hay ch\u1ee9ng minh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/strong>: “X l\u00e0 Y” – kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam “v\u00ec,” kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam “nh\u01b0ng”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • “N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1eafng”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • “Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • “Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong> (c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • “N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 A, B, C…”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (Repetition)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00f3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            V\u00ed d\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/strong>: Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u00ean v\u00e0 slogan h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n mua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong>: Nazi l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i “Do Th\u00e1i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1” h\u00e0ng ngh\u00e0n l\u1ea7n qua m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Le Bon vi\u1ebft: “\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ni\u1ec1m tin, v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. L\u00e2y lan (Contagion)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Khi \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin, ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e2y lan nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eabn nhau<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c n\u1eefa – ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1eddi trang<\/strong>: M\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean media. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e2y lan – m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c v\u00ec “m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eb7c v\u1eady.” Kh\u00f4ng ai h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bong b\u00f3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Media l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. FOMO (s\u1ee3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1) l\u00e2y lan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 mua kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              5. Bong b\u00f3ng v\u1ee1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Vai tr\u00f2 uy t\u00edn (Prestige)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Uy t\u00edn l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00f4i mi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0169ng tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hai lo\u1ea1i uy t\u00edn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Uy t\u00edn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Acquired prestige)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • T\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, danh hi\u1ec7u, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • T\u00edch l\u0169y qua th\u1eddi gian<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u00e1c s\u0129, CEO – ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin l\u1eddi h\u1ecd ngay c\u1ea3 khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Uy t\u00edn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (Personal prestige)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • T\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Napoleon c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi thua tr\u1eadn, b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef uy t\u00edn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Uy t\u00edn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Uy t\u00edn r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t b\u00ea b\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u00e1n – uy t\u00edn tan bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Robespierre t\u1eebng c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng quay l\u01b0ng. \u00d4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u00e9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Uy t\u00edn bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3: Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh vs \u00dd ki\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (Fixed beliefs)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n minh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm (h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u00dd ki\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i (Changeable opinions)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi trang, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Nguy hi\u1ec3m khi m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Khi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Khi ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o suy y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u00c2u ch\u00e2u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19-20, \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ni\u1ec1m tin thay th\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, Ph\u00e1t x\u00edt). H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n TIN v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Chu k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Le Bon nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh theo chu k\u1ef3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh<\/strong>: Ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong>: Ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1ea1nh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0ng kim<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ec9nh cao v\u0103n minh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy t\u00e0n<\/strong>: Ni\u1ec1m tin y\u1ebfu \u0111i, ho\u00e0i nghi gia t\u0103ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        5. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5<\/strong>: M\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          PH\u1ea6N III: PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I V\u00c0 M\u00d4 T\u1ea2 C\u00c1C LO\u1ea0I \u0110\u00c1M \u0110\u00d4NG KH\u00c1C NHAU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t (Heterogeneous)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00f4 danh (kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 danh (c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n, h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t (Homogeneous)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i (ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Giai c\u1ea5p (l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf chung)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u0110\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p (qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung l\u01b0u…)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m (Criminal Crowds)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m h\u00f3a”<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m khi trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t ng\u00e0y Th\u00e1nh Bartholomew (1572)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tin l\u00e0nh \u1edf Paris<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Sau \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1eady<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed v\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Lynching \u1edf M\u1ef9<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd, treo c\u1ed5<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i: “T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • C\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb g\u1ee3i \u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng suy ngh\u0129<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00ec “tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp th\u1ec3”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sau khi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd<\/strong>: Le Bon l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. Tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3: B\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m (Criminal Juries)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd<\/strong>: B\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ecd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb thao t\u00fang<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng logic<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • H\u1ecd k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng tranh lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng DNA. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb c\u00e1o, \u0111\u01b0a m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c l\u00ean b\u1ee5c. B\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2192 Tuy\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. B\u1ecb uy t\u00edn chi ph\u1ed1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • B\u1ecb c\u00e1o \u0103n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u2192 b\u1ecb c\u00e1o b\u1ecb x\u1eed n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. Thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean “c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c”<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Le Bon<\/strong>: B\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nguy hi\u1ec3m khi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng THEO C\u1ea2M X\u00daC, kh\u00f4ng theo l\u00fd tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed (Electoral Crowds)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          T\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1eed tri<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ea7u c\u1eed kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c – b\u1ecb g\u1ee3i \u00fd, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, uy t\u00edn chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Uy t\u00edn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u1ee8ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o uy t\u00edn tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Danh hi\u1ec7u, th\u00e0nh t\u00edch (th\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • “N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i!” kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. H\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • H\u1ee9a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u1ea3 thi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • C\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • M\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n: poster, b\u00e1o, di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  5. C\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • T\u1ea1o k\u1ebb th\u00f9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u0110\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a: T\u1ed1t vs X\u1ea5u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    V\u00ed d\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Napoleon III<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn t\u1eeb ch\u00fa (Napoleon I)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • H\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c vinh quang Ph\u00e1p<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Th\u1eafng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc<\/strong>: C\u1eed tri kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, hy v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5: \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb (Parliamentary Assemblies)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Le Bon g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c khi cho r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n – bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn – c\u0169ng tu\u00e2n theo t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. B\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Tranh lu\u1eadn k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t \u2192 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed9n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>: Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1870 trong nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft gia t\u00e0i ba chi ph\u1ed1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • \u0110a s\u1ed1 im l\u1eb7ng, \u0111i theo<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • “Tranh lu\u1eadn” th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch cho \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u00f3m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Ngh\u1ecb vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1eed tri (\u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd tr\u00ed n\u1ebfu m\u1ea5t phi\u1ebfu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Le Bon kh\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t cho th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/strong>: C\u1ea7n quan li\u00eau k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN V\u00c0 T\u1ed4NG H\u1ee2P<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Le Bon<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang thay th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n sang t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y mang c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd ri\u00eang<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • C\u1ea7n lu\u1eadt ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                3. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m x\u00fac chi ph\u1ed1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • L\u00fd tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Logic v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • C\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t \u2192 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng anh h\u00f9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u1ea5u \u2192 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    5. V\u0103n minh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m tin<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • M\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin = s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u0103n minh<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ni\u1ec1m tin m\u1edbi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Marketing & Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • T\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Apple kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u00e1n “lifestyle”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1eafng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • “Make America Great Again” hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 100 trang<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • T\u1ea1o k\u1ebb th\u00f9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. M\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Viral content = l\u00e2y lan t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Cancel culture = \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4. Phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Hi\u1ec3u t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00fap t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phong tr\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nghi l\u1ec5, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Black Lives Matter: C\u00e2u kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, d\u1ec5 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n Le Bon<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Bi quan th\u00e1i qu\u00e1<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Le Bon coi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 tinh anh tr\u1ecb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. \u0110\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Coi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 “th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m” so v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Kh\u00f4ng tin kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • C\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u phi l\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    D\u00f9 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Le Bon v\u1eabn h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • C\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi thao t\u00fang t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • T\u01b0 duy ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Nh\u1eadn ra khi b\u1ecb thao t\u00fang<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u1eadp th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u01b0 duy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00fang<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • M\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • V\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, khi “\u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng” c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Le Bon c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          S\u1ed1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ri\u00eang ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ednh ti\u00ean phong xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1895, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng – m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 marketing hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U: K\u1ef6 NGUY\u00caN C\u1ee6A \u0110\u00c1M \u0110\u00d4NG B\u1ed1i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1662,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tom-tat-sach-hay"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1661"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1663,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1661\/revisions\/1663"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}