{"id":1706,"date":"2026-01-08T07:02:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T07:02:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/?p=1706"},"modified":"2026-01-08T07:02:31","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T07:02:31","slug":"nghe-thuat-tu-duy-ranh-mach-the-art-of-thinking-clearly-cua-rolf-dobelli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/?p=1706","title":{"rendered":"NGH\u1ec6 THU\u1eacT T\u01af DUY R\u00c0NH M\u1ea0CH (THE ART OF THINKING CLEARLY) C\u1ee6A ROLF DOBELLI:"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fcbkbttn_buttons_block\" id=\"fcbkbttn_left\"><div class=\"fcbkbttn_button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/wp-content\/plugins\/facebook-button-plugin\/images\/standard-facebook-ico.png\" alt=\"Fb-Button\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"fcbkbttn_like \"><fb:like href=\"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/?p=1706\" action=\"like\" colorscheme=\"light\" layout=\"standard\"  width=\"225px\" size=\"small\"><\/fb:like><\/div><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN CU\u1ed0N S\u00c1CH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p 99 sai l\u1ea7m t\u01b0 duy (cognitive biases) ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 k\u00e8m v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773133\"><strong>C\u00c1C SAI L\u1ea6M T\u01af DUY QUAN TR\u1eccNG<\/strong>.. 4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773134\"><strong>1. Sai l\u1ea7m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn (Confirmation Bias)<\/strong>. 4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773135\"><strong>2. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng neo (Anchoring Effect)<\/strong>. 4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773136\"><strong>3. Sai l\u1ea7m chi ph\u00ed ch\u00ecm (Sunk Cost Fallacy)<\/strong>. 4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773137\"><strong>4. Sai l\u1ea7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t (Survivorship Bias)<\/strong>. 4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773138\"><strong>5. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng (Availability Bias)<\/strong>. 5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773139\"><strong>6. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng (Social Proof)<\/strong>. 5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773140\"><strong>7. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u00e0o quang (Halo Effect)<\/strong>. 5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773141\"><strong>8. Sai l\u1ea7m c\u1edd b\u1ea1c (Gambler&#8217;s Fallacy)<\/strong>. 5<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773142\"><strong>9. Sai l\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh (Planning Fallacy)<\/strong>. 6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773143\"><strong>10. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n (Contrast Effect)<\/strong>. 6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773144\"><strong>11. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (Hindsight Bias)<\/strong>. 6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773145\"><strong>12. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ef1 tin (Overconfidence Effect)<\/strong>. 6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773146\"><strong>13. L\u1ed7i ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf (Base Rate Neglect)<\/strong>. 6<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773147\"><strong>14. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (Fundamental Attribution Error)<\/strong>. 7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773148\"><strong>15. Sai l\u1ea7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c (Regression to the Mean)<\/strong>. 7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773149\"><strong>16. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (Outcome Bias)<\/strong>. 7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773150\"><strong>17. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn (Paradox of Choice)<\/strong>. 7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773151\"><strong>18. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu (Endowment Effect)<\/strong>. 8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773152\"><strong>19. Sai l\u1ea7m ph\u00e9p quy n\u1ea1p v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng (Hasty Generalization)<\/strong>. 8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773153\"><strong>20. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c (Negativity Bias)<\/strong>. 8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773154\"><strong>NH\u00d3M SAI L\u1ea6M V\u1ec0 RA QUY\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ecaNH<\/strong>.. 8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773155\"><strong>21. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng (Prospect Theory)<\/strong>. 8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773156\"><strong>22. B\u1eaby kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (Omission Bias)<\/strong>. 9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773157\"><strong>23. L\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf (Neglect of Probability)<\/strong>. 9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773158\"><strong>NH\u00d3M SAI L\u1ea6M V\u1ec0 X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I<\/strong>. 9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773159\"><strong>24. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng liking (Liking Bias)<\/strong>. 9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773160\"><strong>25. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c (Authority Bias)<\/strong>. 9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773161\"><strong>26. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 (Reciprocity)<\/strong>. 10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773162\"><strong>27. Sai l\u1ea7m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (Conjunction Fallacy)<\/strong>. 10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773163\"><strong>28. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3ng khung (Framing Effect)<\/strong>. 10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773164\"><strong>29. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (Action Bias)<\/strong>. 11<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773165\"><strong>30. L\u1ed7i ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan (Red Herring Fallacy)<\/strong> 11<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773166\"><strong>31. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (Simplicity Bias)<\/strong>. 11<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773167\"><strong>32. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eaft (Default Effect)<\/strong>. 11<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773168\"><strong>33. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm (Scarcity Error)<\/strong> 12<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773169\"><strong>34. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 (Reciprocal Liking)<\/strong>. 12<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773170\"><strong>35. Sai l\u1ea7m d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ea3m x\u00fac (Affective Forecasting)<\/strong>. 12<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773171\"><strong>36. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 (Self-Serving Bias)<\/strong>. 12<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773172\"><strong>37. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00fa \u00fd tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m (Focusing Illusion)<\/strong>. 13<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773173\"><strong>38. Sai l\u1ea7m chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i (Opportunity Cost)<\/strong>. 13<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773174\"><strong>39. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng salience (Salience Effect)<\/strong>. 13<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773175\"><strong>40. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u01a1i nh\u00e0 (House Money Effect)<\/strong> 13<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773176\"><strong>41. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 (Overreaction)<\/strong>. 14<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773177\"><strong>42. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng tin sai (Misinformation Effect)<\/strong>. 14<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773178\"><strong>43. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00f3m (Groupthink)<\/strong>. 14<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773179\"><strong>44. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 (FOMO &#8211; Fear of Missing Out)<\/strong>. 15<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773180\"><strong>45. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e0n (Herd Instinct)<\/strong>. 15<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773181\"><strong>46. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m (Paradox of Thrift)<\/strong>. 16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773182\"><strong>47. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u1ed3i nh\u1eed (Decoy Effect)<\/strong>. 16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773183\"><strong>48. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eadp trung \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng (Illusion of Control)<\/strong>. 16<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773184\"><strong>49. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch (Tragedy of the Commons)<\/strong>. 17<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773185\"><strong>50. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning-Kruger<\/strong>. 17<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773186\"><strong>51. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng spotlight (Spotlight Effect)<\/strong>. 18<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773187\"><strong>52. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng minh b\u1ea1ch (Illusion of Transparency)<\/strong>. 18<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773188\"><strong>53. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec9nh-cu\u1ed1i (Peak-End Rule)<\/strong>. 18<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773189\"><strong>54. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh tranh phi l\u00fd (Irrational Escalation)<\/strong>. 19<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773190\"><strong>55. L\u1ed7i ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n chi ph\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh (Average Cost Fallacy)<\/strong>. 19<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773191\"><strong>56. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n (Single Cause Fallacy)<\/strong>. 19<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773192\"><strong>57. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng cam k\u1ebft (Commitment and Consistency)<\/strong>. 20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773193\"><strong>58. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec5u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (Cognitive Dissonance)<\/strong>. 20<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773194\"><strong>59. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng (Mere Exposure Effect)<\/strong>. 21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773195\"><strong>60. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng chauffeur (Chauffeur Knowledge)<\/strong>. 21<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773196\"><strong>61. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (Illusion of Skill)<\/strong>. 22<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773197\"><strong>62. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng (Feature-Positive Effect)<\/strong>. 22<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773198\"><strong>63. Sai l\u1ea7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee5m (Clustering Illusion)<\/strong>. 22<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773199\"><strong>64. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia c\u1eaft (Mental Accounting)<\/strong>. 23<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773200\"><strong>65. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb (Availability Heuristic)<\/strong>. 23<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773201\"><strong>66. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac (Affect Heuristic)<\/strong>. 24<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773202\"><strong>67. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u1eddi gian bay (Time-Saving Bias)<\/strong>. 24<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773203\"><strong>68. L\u1ed7i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ed1c tr\u01a1n (Slippery Slope)<\/strong>. 24<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773204\"><strong>69. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Status Quo Bias)<\/strong>. 25<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773205\"><strong>70. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n (Story Bias)<\/strong> 25<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773206\"><strong>71. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i phi \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng (Asymmetric Attribution)<\/strong>. 26<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773207\"><strong>72. L\u1ed7i chia t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 (Ratio Bias)<\/strong>. 26<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773208\"><strong>73. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o (Perfectionism)<\/strong>. 26<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773209\"><strong>74. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1ed3i chu\u1ea9n (Regression Toward the Mean)<\/strong>. 26<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773210\"><strong>75. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (Projection Bias)<\/strong>. 27<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773211\"><strong>76. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tu\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng m\u1eadt (Honeymoon Effect)<\/strong> 27<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773212\"><strong>77. L\u1ed7i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf (Penny-Wise, Pound-Foolish)<\/strong>. 27<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773213\"><strong>78. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu neo (Contrast and Anchoring Combined)<\/strong>. 28<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773214\"><strong>79. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng danh ti\u1ebfng (Reputation Effect)<\/strong>. 28<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773215\"><strong>80. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o (Pride)<\/strong>. 28<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773216\"><strong>81. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng trung b\u00ecnh (Denominator Neglect)<\/strong> 29<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773217\"><strong>82. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quy m\u00f4 (Scope Insensitivity)<\/strong>. 29<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773218\"><strong>83. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i (Endowment Effect Extended)<\/strong>. 29<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773219\"><strong>84. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tu t\u1eeb (Rhetorical Question Effect)<\/strong>. 30<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773220\"><strong>85. L\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n (Circular Reasoning)<\/strong>. 30<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773221\"><strong>86. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 giai tho\u1ea1i (Anecdotal Evidence)<\/strong>. 30<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773222\"><strong>87. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh (Emotional Reasoning)<\/strong>. 31<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773223\"><strong>88. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (Correspondence Bias)<\/strong>. 31<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773224\"><strong>89. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng chim m\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3 (Decoy Effect &#8211; M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng)<\/strong>. 31<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773225\"><strong>90. L\u1ed7i logic chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (Irrelevant Detail)<\/strong>. 32<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773226\"><strong>91. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u (Bandwagon Effect &#8211; M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng)<\/strong>. 32<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773227\"><strong>92. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng false consensus (False Consensus Effect)<\/strong>. 32<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773228\"><strong>93. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00fa \u00fd ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc (Selective Attention)<\/strong>. 33<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773229\"><strong>94. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m (Self-Fulfilling Prophecy)<\/strong>. 33<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773230\"><strong>95. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1eabng h\u1ee5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng (Expectation Effect)<\/strong>. 34<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773231\"><strong>96. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng spotlight retrospective (Knew-It-All-Along Effect)<\/strong>. 34<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773232\"><strong>97. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng pratfall (Pratfall Effect)<\/strong> 35<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773233\"><strong>98. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Hyperbolic Discounting)<\/strong>. 35<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773234\"><strong>99. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Zero-Risk Bias<\/strong>. 35<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773235\"><strong>L\u00c0M TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O \u0110\u1ec2 T\u01af DUY R\u00c0NH M\u1ea0CH H\u01a0N?<\/strong>. 36<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773236\"><strong>1. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/strong>. 36<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773237\"><strong>2. Ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i<\/strong> 36<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773238\"><strong>3. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n<\/strong>. 36<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773239\"><strong>4. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/strong>. 36<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773240\"><strong>5. Checklist cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1edbn<\/strong>. 36<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_Toc218773241\"><strong>6. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/strong>. 36<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773133\"><strong>C\u00c1C SAI L\u1ea6M T\u01af DUY QUAN TR\u1eccNG<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773134\"><strong>1. Sai l\u1ea7m x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn (Confirmation Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin theo c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u1ea1n tin m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn tin t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tin ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u1eef c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu thua l\u1ed7 v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc tin kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u1ec1m tin ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773135\"><strong>2. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng neo (Anchoring Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ni\u00eam y\u1ebft gi\u00e1 g\u1ed1c cao, gi\u1ea3m c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y &#8220;h\u1eddi&#8221; d\u00f9 gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn cao<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trong \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1c tham chi\u1ebfu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> B\u1ecf qua con s\u1ed1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773136\"><strong>3. Sai l\u1ea7m chi ph\u00ed ch\u00ecm (Sunk Cost Fallacy)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n\/th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o, d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Xem phim d\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn xem ti\u1ebfp v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n v\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n kinh doanh thua l\u1ed7 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn r\u00f3t v\u1ed1n v\u00ec &#8220;\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773137\"><strong>4. Sai l\u1ea7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t (Survivorship Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, b\u1ecf qua \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c CEO b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng (Jobs, Gates), ngh\u0129 b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng khuy\u00ean &#8220;theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111am m\u00ea&#8221;, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111am m\u00ea nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong c\u00f9ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773138\"><strong>5. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng (Availability Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sau v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tin r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ee3 bay h\u01a1n d\u00f9 bay an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n l\u00e1i xe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m gia t\u0103ng d\u00f9 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n theo b\u1ec7nh g\u1eb7p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng theo x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773139\"><strong>6. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng (Social Proof)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> L\u00e0m theo \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang mua (bong b\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00e1ch, b\u1ecf qua nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u1eafng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngon h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tin tin gi\u1ea3 v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> T\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m theo \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773140\"><strong>7. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u00e0o quang (Halo Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh, \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CEO n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng am hi\u1ec3u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty uy t\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773141\"><strong>8. Sai l\u1ea7m c\u1edd b\u1ea1c (Gambler&#8217;s Fallacy)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Tin r\u1eb1ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f9 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tossed coin ra ng\u1eeda 5 l\u1ea7n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, ngh\u0129 l\u1ea7n sau ch\u1eafc ra s\u1ea5p<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n tung v\u1eabn l\u00e0 50-50<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u01a1i x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1, ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a ra l\u00e2u, ngh\u0129 &#8220;\u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773142\"><strong>9. Sai l\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh (Planning Fallacy)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn v\u0103n trong 2 tu\u1ea7n, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ea5t 2 th\u00e1ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p ngh\u0129 6 th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 l\u00e3i, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ea5t 2 n\u0103m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Nh\u00e2n th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi 2-3, h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773143\"><strong>10. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n (Contrast Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Xem nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1 10 t\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e0 5 t\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng &#8220;r\u1ebb&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh sau tr\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau m\u00f3n \u0103n cay, m\u00f3n ng\u1ecdt c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed7i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773144\"><strong>11. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (Hindsight Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Sau khi bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sau kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh 2008: &#8220;T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ai d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau khi startup th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i: &#8220;T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Ghi l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773145\"><strong>12. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ef1 tin (Overconfidence Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>90% l\u00e1i xe ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh l\u00e1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i kh\u00e1ch quan, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773146\"><strong>13. L\u1ed7i ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf (Base Rate Neglect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> B\u1ecf qua x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ec7nh cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh 90% ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1\/10,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc, d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa \u00fd 90% ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ecf qua t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n xem x\u00e9t x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773147\"><strong>14. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (Fundamental Attribution Error)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Quy k\u1ebft h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e1i xe nguy hi\u1ec3m: &#8220;Th\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y ngu&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00ecnh l\u00e1i xe nguy hi\u1ec3m: &#8220;T\u00f4i \u0111ang v\u1ed9i&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1eadm deadline: &#8220;H\u1eafn l\u01b0\u1eddi&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00ecnh ch\u1eadm deadline: &#8220;T\u00f4i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Xem x\u00e9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773148\"><strong>15. Sai l\u1ea7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c (Regression to the Mean)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng quay v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m cao b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ef3 sau v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 v\u00ec m\u00ecnh khen n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3m (th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc n\u0103m nay, n\u0103m sau bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trung b\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng may m\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773149\"><strong>16. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (Outcome Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u00e1c s\u0129 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m m\u1ed5, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u2192 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen anh h\u00f9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00e1c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed5, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft \u2192 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 may m\u1eafn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773150\"><strong>17. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn (Paradox of Choice)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Si\u00eau th\u1ecb c\u00f3 50 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee9t, kh\u00e1ch mua \u00edt h\u01a1n si\u00eau th\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 6 lo\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lo s\u1ee3 ch\u1ecdn sai<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau khi ch\u1ecdn, v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn &#8220;\u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t&#8221; thay v\u00ec &#8220;ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773151\"><strong>18. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu (Endowment Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu 100k, gi\u1ea3m c\u00f2n 70k, kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n v\u00ec &#8220;m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a mua, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mua \u1edf m\u1ee9c 70k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u00e1n nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec g\u1eafn b\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> T\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 mua v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773152\"><strong>19. Sai l\u1ea7m ph\u00e9p quy n\u1ea1p v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng (Hasty Generalization)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> R\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn chung t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>G\u1eb7p 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 \u2192 &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4 l\u1ed7&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ed9t startup c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u2192 &#8220;M\u1ecdi startup c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1eefa sai m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u2192 &#8220;Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tin b\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u1eefa&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, tr\u00e1nh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u00e0i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773153\"><strong>20. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c (Negativity Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Tin x\u1ea5u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n tin t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nh\u1eadn 10 l\u1eddi khen v\u00e0 1 l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tin t\u1ee9c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem h\u01a1n tin t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ea5t 100k \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100k vui s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773154\"><strong>NH\u00d3M SAI L\u1ea6M V\u1ec0 RA QUY\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ecaNH<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773155\"><strong>21. L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng (Prospect Theory)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/strong> Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1ea5t 1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 tri\u1ec7u vui s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro khi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773156\"><strong>22. B\u1eaby kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (Omission Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi sai) \u00edt t\u1ed9i h\u01a1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eam v\u1eafc xin cho con, con ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh \u2192 \u00edt t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ti\u00eam v\u1eafc xin, con c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5 \u2192 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t t\u1eed vong do kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eam cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773157\"><strong>23. L\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf (Neglect of Probability)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> B\u1ecf qua x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1ee3 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 (x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p) h\u01a1n tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng (x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t cao)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m cho r\u1ee7i ro hi\u1ebfm, b\u1ecf qua r\u1ee7i ro ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n bay an to\u00e0n, l\u00e1i xe nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u01b0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773158\"><strong>NH\u00d3M SAI L\u1ea6M V\u1ec0 X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773159\"><strong>24. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng liking (Liking Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh th\u00edch, kh\u00f3 tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n \u2192 mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia l\u1ecbch thi\u1ec7p \u2192 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec5 m\u1ebfn \u2192 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773160\"><strong>25. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c (Authority Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c\/ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u00e1c s\u0129 n\u00f3i \u2192 tin ngay d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CEO tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u2192 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m theo d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u2192 sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773161\"><strong>26. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 (Reciprocity)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> C\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng cho th\u1eed mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u2192 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i mua<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1eb7ng k\u1eb9o sau b\u1eefa \u0103n \u2192 ti\u1ec1n boa t\u0103ng 20%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea1n b\u00e8 t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e0 sinh nh\u1eadt \u2192 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eb7ng l\u1ea1i d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Nh\u1eadn ra khi b\u1ecb thao t\u00fang b\u1eb1ng m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i cam k\u1ebft l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773162\"><strong>27. Sai l\u1ea7m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (Conjunction Fallacy)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Cho r\u1eb1ng hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng &#8211; Linda<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Linda, 31 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, th\u00f4ng minh, chuy\u00ean tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, quan t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n? A) Linda l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng B) Linda l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng V\u00c0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn B, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf A lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n (B l\u00e0 t\u1eadp con c\u1ee7a A)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ngh\u0129 &#8220;kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh bom t\u1ea1i s\u00e2n bay&#8221; c\u00f3 v\u1ebb x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n &#8220;\u0111\u00e1nh bom t\u1ea1i s\u00e2n bay&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf &#8220;\u0111\u00e1nh bom t\u1ea1i s\u00e2n bay&#8221; bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh bom, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773163\"><strong>28. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3ng khung (Framing Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> C\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00f4ng tin \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u00f9 n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 90%&#8221; \u2192 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 10%&#8221; \u2192 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed5 h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ecbt &#8220;85% n\u1ea1c&#8221; b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y h\u01a1n &#8220;15% m\u1ee1&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;C\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf&#8221; nghe t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n &#8220;Gi\u1ea3m ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch y t\u1ebf&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773164\"><strong>29. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (Action Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> C\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ee7 m\u00f4n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u penalty: th\u1ee7 m\u00f4n gi\u1eef gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ea3n ph\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng 94% th\u1ee7 m\u00f4n nh\u1ea3y tr\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean tr\u00f4ng &#8220;th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng&#8221;, nh\u1ea3y sai tr\u00f4ng &#8220;c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u00e1c s\u0129 k\u00ea \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh cho c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ec b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8220;l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c mua b\u00e1n c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8220;mua v\u00e0 gi\u1eef&#8221; hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773165\"><strong>30. L\u1ed7i ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan (Red Herring Fallacy)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0a ra th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 thu\u1ebf khi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia tham nh\u0169ng?&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 thu\u1ebf l\u00e0 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1: &#8220;Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u00e9o ph\u00ec m\u00e0&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773166\"><strong>31. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (Simplicity Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Tin v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u00e0u&#8221; (b\u1ecf qua may m\u1eafn, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;\u0102n \u00edt \u0111i l\u00e0 g\u1ea7y&#8221; (b\u1ecf qua gen, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, hormone, t\u00e2m l\u00fd)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773167\"><strong>32. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eaft (Default Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1eb7t &#8220;hi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1ng&#8221; l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1ng 90%+<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Qu\u1ed1c gia y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 10-20%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2192 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty\/ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773168\"><strong>33. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm (Scarcity Error)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao th\u1ee9 hi\u1ebfm hoi, d\u00f9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m!&#8221; \u2192 v\u1ed9i mua d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00e0ng limited edition b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n d\u00f9 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc &#8220;ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf 2 l\u1ea7n\/n\u0103m&#8221; \u2192 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ngay<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong h\u1eb9n h\u00f2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, kh\u00f3 g\u1eb7p \u2192 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u2192 b\u1ecb coi nh\u1eb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773169\"><strong>34. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 (Reciprocal Liking)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng khen ng\u1ee3i kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u2192 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00edch h\u1ecd \u2192 mua h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi &#8220;like&#8221; b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u2192 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng &#8220;like&#8221; l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u00e0m ph\u00e1n: b\u00ean t\u1ecf ra th\u00edch b\u1ea1n \u2192 b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773170\"><strong>35. Sai l\u1ea7m d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ea3m x\u00fac (Affective Forecasting)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n sai v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ngh\u0129 tr\u00fang s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u00e3i \u2192 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c c\u0169<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ngh\u0129 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf m\u00e3i \u2192 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00edch nghi sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ngh\u0129 mua xe\/nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u2192 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1edbi ch\u00f3ng qua<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ecf qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773171\"><strong>36. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 (Self-Serving Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Quy c\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n khi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh khi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thi \u0111\u1ed7: &#8220;T\u00f4i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t: &#8220;\u0110\u1ec1 kh\u00f3, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y k\u00e9m&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng: &#8220;Nh\u1edd l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i: &#8220;Team k\u00e9m, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong th\u1ec3 thao<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u1eafng: &#8220;Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01a1i hay&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thua: &#8220;Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i thi\u00ean v\u1ecb, s\u00e2n x\u1ea5u, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773172\"><strong>37. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00fa \u00fd tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m (Focusing Illusion)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;N\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng \u1edf California, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n&#8221; (ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1t)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;N\u1ebfu gi\u00e0u, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&#8221; (b\u1ecf qua s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u00fd ngh\u0129a)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/strong> &#8220;Nothing is as important as you think it is while you are thinking about it&#8221; &#8211; Daniel Kahneman<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773173\"><strong>38. Sai l\u1ea7m chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i (Opportunity Cost)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 khi ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Xem phim mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed 3 ti\u1ebfng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea5t 3 ti\u1ebfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm 500k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: 500k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u1ecdc th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 hai m\u1ea5t 2 n\u0103m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n thu nh\u1eadp b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 trong 2 n\u0103m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n h\u1ecfi: &#8220;T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian\/ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773174\"><strong>39. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng salience (Salience Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, b\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mua xe ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ecf qua chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a 1 v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2192 ngh\u0129 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m t\u0103ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ecf qua th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m gi\u1ea3m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773175\"><strong>40. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u01a1i nh\u00e0 (House Money Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i x\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u1eafng c\u1edd b\u1ea1c 10 tri\u1ec7u \u2192 ch\u01a1i li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u00ec &#8220;ti\u1ec1n tr\u1eddi cho&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u01b0\u01a1ng 10 tri\u1ec7u \u2192 chi ti\u00eau c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u2192 ti\u00eau x\u00e0i hoang ph\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u2192 chi ti\u00eau th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong> Ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773176\"><strong>41. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 (Overreaction)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00f4ng ty b\u00e1o l\u00e3i t\u0103ng 10% \u2192 gi\u00e1 c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu t\u0103ng 50%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tin x\u1ea5u nh\u1ecf \u2192 b\u00e1n th\u00e1o ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u1ecb ch\u00ea m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u2192 ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c khen m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u2192 ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773177\"><strong>42. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng tin sai (Misinformation Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> K\u00fd \u1ee9c b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn tai n\u1ea1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau \u0111\u00f3 nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 sai<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 sai \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem video va ch\u1ea1m xe<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00f3m 1 h\u1ecfi: &#8220;Xe \u0111\u00e2m nhau nhanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?&#8221; \u2192 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00f3m 2 h\u1ecfi: &#8220;Xe h\u00fac nhau m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?&#8221; \u2192 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n sau h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y k\u00ednh v\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng: Nh\u00f3m 2 &#8220;nh\u1edb&#8221; th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n (d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773178\"><strong>43. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00f3m (Groupthink)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed3i v\u00ec \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V\u1ee5 V\u1ecbnh Con Heo (1961): Kennedy v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u00e0u Challenger (1986): K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 bi\u1ebft nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00fang l\u1ecbch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773179\"><strong>44. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 (FOMO &#8211; Fear of Missing Out)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> S\u1ee3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua Bitcoin \u2192 mua v\u1ed9i d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 cao<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea1n b\u00e8 \u0111i party \u2192 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i d\u00f9 m\u1ec7t, s\u1ee3 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khuy\u1ebfn m\u00e3i &#8220;h\u00f4m nay cu\u1ed1i&#8221; \u2192 mua \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trong \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u00e0u l\u00ean \u2192 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ee3t bong b\u00f3ng 2000, 2008, 2021 \u0111\u1ec1u do FOMO<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773180\"><strong>45. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e0n (Herd Instinct)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> L\u00e0m theo \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00ec b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0n ch\u1ea1y, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y theo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n \u2192 b\u1ea1n r\u00fat theo \u2192 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ai r\u00fat, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn \u1ed5n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>X\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng mua nh\u00e0 khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng \u2192 bong b\u00f3ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773181\"><strong>46. Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m (Paradox of Thrift)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> H\u00e0nh vi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u t\u1eadp th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u2192 kh\u00f4ng ai ti\u00eau \u2192 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n \u2192 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u2192 ngh\u00e8o h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n (h\u1ee3p l\u00fd)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u2192 kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773182\"><strong>47. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u1ed3i nh\u1eed (Decoy Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee9 ba (k\u00e9m) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n &#8211; The Economist<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>G\u00f3i A: Online only &#8211; $59<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u00f3i B: Print only &#8211; $125<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u00f3i C: Online + Print &#8211; $125<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecdn B, nh\u01b0ng B l\u00e0 m\u1ed3i nh\u1eed l\u00e0m C tr\u00f4ng &#8220;h\u1eddi&#8221; (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 online)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi b\u1ecf B \u0111i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn A h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ecfng ng\u00f4 r\u1ea1p phim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nh\u1ecf: 50k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1eeba: 90k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1edbn: 100k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;V\u1eeba&#8221; l\u00e0 m\u1ed3i nh\u1eed, l\u00e0m &#8220;L\u1edbn&#8221; tr\u00f4ng h\u1eddi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773183\"><strong>48. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eadp trung \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng (Illusion of Control)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Tin r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1 thay v\u00ec mua s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tung x\u00fac x\u1eafc m\u1ea1nh khi mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, nh\u1eb9 khi mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh &#8220;bi\u1ebft&#8221; th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111i l\u00ean hay xu\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u00fat &#8220;\u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda&#8221; thang m\u00e1y: nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00f2ng xoay \u0111i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng: c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi g\u00ec c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773184\"><strong>49. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch (Tragedy of the Commons)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00ec m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u1ee3i \u00edch ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf chung: m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n th\u00eam 1 con b\u00f2 (t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecd)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0m v\u1eady \u2192 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u2192 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thua<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1: m\u1ed7i t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u (t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecd)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u \u2192 c\u00e1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \u2192 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u01b0 h\u1eefu h\u00f3a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773185\"><strong>50. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Dunning-Kruger<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh k\u00e9m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u00e1i xe m\u1edbi: &#8220;T\u00f4i l\u00e1i gi\u1ecfi r\u1ed3i&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u00e1i xe 10 n\u0103m: &#8220;L\u00e1i xe kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n t\u00f4i ngh\u0129&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u1ecdc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh 1 th\u00e1ng: &#8220;D\u1ec5 m\u00e0&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u1ecdc 5 n\u0103m: &#8220;C\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tr\u1ee5c X: Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u1ee5c Y: T\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ec9nh &#8220;n\u00fai ngu&#8221;: kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u00edt, t\u1ef1 tin cao<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thung l\u0169ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng: kinh nghi\u1ec7m trung b\u00ecnh, nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft \u00edt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cao nguy\u00ean b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng: kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1ef1 tin v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773186\"><strong>51. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng spotlight (Spotlight Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1eb7c \u00e1o b\u1ecb v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n \u2192 ngh\u0129 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00f3i sai trong h\u1ecdp \u2192 ngh\u0129 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb m\u00e3i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: h\u1ecd qu\u00ean sau v\u00e0i ph\u00fat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: Sinh vi\u00ean m\u1eb7c \u00e1o l\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp, ngh\u0129 50% l\u1edbp nh\u1eadn ra. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 23%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/strong> Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773187\"><strong>52. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng minh b\u1ea1ch (Illusion of Transparency)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ngh\u0129 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac\/suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129: &#8220;Ch\u1eafc h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft t\u00f4i \u0111ang n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u1ed3i h\u1ed9p thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh: &#8220;M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y t\u00f4i run&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra run nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/strong> C\u0169ng ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c minh b\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh: &#8220;T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft anh ta \u0111ang ngh\u0129 g\u00ec&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773188\"><strong>53. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec9nh-cu\u1ed1i (Peak-End Rule)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 y h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i soi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00f3m A: 60 gi\u00e2y \u0111au m\u1ee9c 8\/10<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00f3m B: 60 gi\u00e2y \u0111au 8\/10 + 30 gi\u00e2y \u0111au 2\/10<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00f3m B t\u1ed5ng \u0111au nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n (v\u00ec k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111au)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>K\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 7 ng\u00e0y, 6 ng\u00e0y tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: &#8220;K\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c: 5 ng\u00e0y b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, 2 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: &#8220;K\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng: m\u00f3n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cu\u1ed1i b\u1eefa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n: d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t l\u00fac check-out<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spa: k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng massage th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773189\"><strong>54. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh tranh phi l\u00fd (Irrational Escalation)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u00e1i, d\u00f9 thua l\u1ed7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 &#8211; \u0110\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 100 \u0111\u00f4 la<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lu\u1eadt: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100$, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 2 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u: 5$<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leo thang: 95$ vs 90$<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 2 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 100$ (\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t 90$)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 105$ (\u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t 95$)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng: Tr\u1ea3 150$ \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100$ (thua 50$)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn tranh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u00fat lui&#8221; \u2192 \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00eam binh l\u1ef1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Vietnam, Afghanistan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Startup \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t 5 tri\u1ec7u $, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00f9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;\u0110\u00e3 m\u1ea5t 5 tri\u1ec7u r\u1ed3i, ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c&#8221; \u2192 m\u1ea5t th\u00eam 3 tri\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u00fang ra n\u00ean d\u1eebng ngay<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773190\"><strong>55. L\u1ed7i ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n chi ph\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh (Average Cost Fallacy)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Mua th\u00eam h\u00e0ng thua l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 &#8220;gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 trung b\u00ecnh&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mua c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu 100k, gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 50k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mua th\u00eam \u1edf 50k \u0111\u1ec3 &#8220;gi\u00e1 trung b\u00ecnh 75k&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m \u2192 m\u1ea5t th\u00eam<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00fang: &#8220;N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a mua, c\u00f3 mua \u1edf gi\u00e1 50k kh\u00f4ng?&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773191\"><strong>56. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n (Single Cause Fallacy)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Quy k\u1ebft ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;Hitler g\u00e2y ra Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (Versailles, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a&#8230;)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec s\u1ebfp t\u1ed3i&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, team, v\u1eadn may&#8230;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trong khoa h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t gen hay m\u1ed9t vi khu\u1ea9n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773192\"><strong>57. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng cam k\u1ebft (Commitment and Consistency)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft c\u00f4ng khai, kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f9 sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed danh ti\u1ebfng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sai nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn (m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft sai<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch A<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng sai nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: &#8220;Anh quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ch\u1ee9?&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: &#8220;Anh mu\u1ed1n gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9?&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: &#8220;V\u1eady anh n\u00ean mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi &#8220;c\u00f3&#8221; tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773193\"><strong>58. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec5u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (Cognitive Dissonance)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i khi gi\u1eef hai ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t trong hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ni\u1ec1m tin 1: &#8220;T\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ni\u1ec1m tin 2: &#8220;H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: V\u1eabn h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec5u: &#8220;\u00d4ng n\u1ed9i h\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn 90 tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn kh\u1ecfe&#8221; (thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m tin 2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n Aesop &#8211; C\u00e1o v\u00e0 nho<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e1o v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi ch\u00f9m nho<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00f3i: &#8220;Ch\u1eafc chua l\u1eafm&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c ra: \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec5u (&#8220;T\u00f4i th\u00f4ng minh&#8221; vs &#8220;T\u00f4i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi&#8221;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 mua h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mua xe \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh xe t\u1ed1t (d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773194\"><strong>59. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng (Mere Exposure Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Th\u00edch th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nghe b\u00e0i h\u00e1t m\u1edbi: &#8220;D\u1edf qu\u00e1&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau 10 l\u1ea7n nghe: &#8220;Hay \u0111\u1ea5y&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u2192 t\u0103ng thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u2192 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng marketing<\/strong> L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773195\"><strong>60. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng chauffeur (Chauffeur Knowledge)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n g\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Max Planck (nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd) \u0111i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00e0i x\u1ebf nghe nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u1edb thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u00e0i x\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb: &#8220;\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh thay \u00f4ng&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00e0i x\u1ebf thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00e0i x\u1ebf: &#8220;C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0i x\u1ebf t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean TV kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CEO tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a team<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chuy\u00ean gia truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u00e2u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chauffeur knowledge: Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ngo\u00e0i k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773196\"><strong>61. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (Illusion of Skill)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ngh\u0129 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng do k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i may m\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Qu\u1ef9 A l\u00e3i 50% n\u0103m 2020<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 &#8220;thi\u00ean t\u00e0i&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: C\u00f3 1000 qu\u1ef9, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 v\u00e0i qu\u1ef9 may m\u1eafn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u0103m sau qu\u1ef9 A l\u1ed7 30%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u00e0nh t\u00edch qu\u1ef9 n\u0103m nay kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m sau<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 th\u1eafng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 may m\u1eafn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng: L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (c\u1edd vua, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>May m\u1eafn: Kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1, nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773197\"><strong>62. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng (Feature-Positive Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, b\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 y h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u00fa \u00fd tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 (s\u1ed1t, \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ecf qua tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (kh\u00f4ng ho \u2192 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 manh m\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00e1m t\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sherlock Holmes: &#8220;Con ch\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee7a l\u00e0 manh m\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee7a \u2192 quen th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pearl Harbor: Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ecf qua: T\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn (c\u00e1c t\u00e0u Nh\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi radar \u2192 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773198\"><strong>63. Sai l\u1ea7m ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee5m (Clustering Illusion)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Th\u1ea5y quy lu\u1eadt trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tung \u0111\u1ed3ng xu 100 l\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 chu\u1ed7i 7 l\u1ea7n ng\u1eeda li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ngh\u0129: &#8220;Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Trong 100 l\u1ea7n tung, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5 &#8211; &#8220;Tay n\u00f3ng&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 ghi 5 r\u1ed5 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: &#8220;Anh ta \u0111ang &#8216;tay n\u00f3ng&#8217;, chuy\u1ec1n b\u00f3ng cho anh ta&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 &#8220;tay n\u00f3ng&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chu\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ca ung th\u01b0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773199\"><strong>64. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia c\u1eaft (Mental Accounting)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o &#8220;c\u00e1c ng\u0103n&#8221; kh\u00e1c nhau trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng: Chi ti\u00eau c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng: Ti\u00eau hoang ph\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m: Kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c th\u1eafng: Ch\u01a1i li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nhau<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 du l\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e9 m\u00e1y bay 10 tri\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y bay, b\u1ecb \u1ed1m n\u1eb7ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1eabn bay v\u00ec &#8220;ph\u00ed 10 tri\u1ec7u&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: 10 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t (sunk cost), quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m xe (ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 5 tri\u1ec7u\/n\u0103m)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng mua c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Starbucks m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y (6 tri\u1ec7u\/n\u0103m)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ec c\u00e0 ph\u00ea thu\u1ed9c &#8220;ng\u0103n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed&#8221;, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m thu\u1ed9c &#8220;ng\u0103n chi ph\u00ed l\u1edbn&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773200\"><strong>65. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb (Availability Heuristic)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> (\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf #5, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sau 11\/9, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 bay<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft v\u00ec kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 m\u00e1y bay c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, d\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2192 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao r\u1ee7i ro<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1 m\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Phim &#8220;Jaws&#8221; \u2192 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 c\u00e1 m\u1eadp<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Trung b\u00ecnh 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/n\u0103m ch\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u00e1 m\u1eadp to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n ch\u1ebft v\u00ec ng\u00e3 trong nh\u00e0 t\u1eafm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773201\"><strong>66. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac (Affect Heuristic)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3m x\u00fac hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: C\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u2192 Ngh\u0129 r\u1ee7i ro cao, l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u1ea5p<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi: C\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u2192 Ngh\u0129 r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ea5p, l\u1ee3i \u00edch cao<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: C\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea9n (d\u1ea7u, than): C\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u2192 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00f9 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u00e0nh &#8220;xanh&#8221;: C\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u2192 \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 cao<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773202\"><strong>67. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng th\u1eddi gian bay (Time-Saving Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u0103ng t\u1ed1c t\u1eeb 50km\/h l\u00ean 80km\/h<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u0103ng t\u1eeb 150km\/h l\u00ean 180km\/h<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u00edt h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 100km, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ~20 ph\u00fat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>50 \u2192 80 km\/h: 2h \u2192 1.25h (ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 45 ph\u00fat)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>150 \u2192 180 km\/h: 40 ph\u00fat \u2192 33 ph\u00fat (ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 7 ph\u00fat)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 quan ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773203\"><strong>68. L\u1ed7i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ed1c tr\u01a1n (Slippery Slope)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;N\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e9p h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh \u2192 ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng logic n\u1ed1i hai vi\u1ec7c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;N\u1ebfu t\u0103ng thu\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u \u2192 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Khi n\u00e0o h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Khi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 chu\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nghi\u1ec7n ma t\u00fay th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng leo thang<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773204\"><strong>69. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Status Quo Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Th\u00edch gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gi\u1eef c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00ec &#8220;Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1ed7 m\u1edbi c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 gi\u1eef ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u0169 d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t (loss aversion)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1ee3 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn n\u1ebfu thay \u0111\u1ed5i sai<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong> T\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: &#8220;N\u1ebfu b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773205\"><strong>70. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n (Story Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Th\u00edch c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u01a1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tin t\u1ee9c: &#8220;B\u00e0 gi\u00e0 80 tu\u1ed5i ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi ung th\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec7&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ecf qua: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0 t\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u1ec5 nh\u1edb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ca kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773206\"><strong>71. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i phi \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng (Asymmetric Attribution)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c do may m\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng: &#8220;T\u00f4i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng: &#8220;H\u1eafn may m\u1eafn th\u00f4i&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i: &#8220;Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i: &#8220;H\u1eafn k\u00e9m&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773207\"><strong>72. L\u1ed7i chia t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 (Ratio Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i thay v\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H\u0169 A: 10 vi\u00ean bi \u0111\u1ecf trong 100 vi\u00ean (10%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u0169 B: 1 vi\u00ean bi \u0111\u1ecf trong 10 vi\u00ean (10%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00edch ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb H\u0169 A v\u00ec &#8220;nhi\u1ec1u vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f9 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vaccine A: 10 ca t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 \/ 10,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (0.1%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vaccine B: 1 ca t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 \/ 1,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (0.1%)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ecdn B v\u00ec &#8220;\u00edt ca h\u01a1n&#8221; d\u00f9 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ed1ng nhau<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773208\"><strong>73. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o (Perfectionism)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch: &#8220;Ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: &#8220;Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ra m\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e2u n\u00f3i<\/strong> &#8220;Perfect is the enemy of good&#8221; &#8211; Voltaire &#8220;Done is better than perfect&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773209\"><strong>74. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1ed3i chu\u1ea9n (Regression Toward the Mean)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf #15, th\u00eam v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u1edbp h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m \u2192 Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u1edbi \u2192 \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u0103ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: &#8220;Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: L\u1edbp k\u00e9m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u0103ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kinh doanh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u0103m t\u1ec7 \u2192 Thu\u00ea CEO m\u1edbi \u2192 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CEO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 regression to the mean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773210\"><strong>75. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (Projection Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ngh\u0129 s\u1edf th\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai gi\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u00f3i b\u1ee5ng \u0111i si\u00eau th\u1ecb \u2192 Mua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 no r\u1ed3i \u2192 \u0110\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1eeba<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mua th\u1ebb gym khi h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa \u2192 3 th\u00e1ng sau kh\u00f4ng \u0111i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mua \u0111\u1ed3 sale: &#8220;T\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng&#8221; \u2192 Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u00f9ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mua nh\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn: &#8220;S\u1ebd c\u00f3 con&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>10 n\u0103m sau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con, nh\u00e0 to tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773211\"><strong>76. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tu\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng m\u1eadt (Honeymoon Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ban \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi: Th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6 th\u00e1ng sau: Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u0111i, m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u say \u0111\u1eafm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau 2 n\u0103m: Th\u1ea5y khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i &#8220;t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u1ebft&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773212\"><strong>77. L\u1ed7i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf (Penny-Wise, Pound-Foolish)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110i v\u00f2ng 30 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m 20k x\u0103ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng mua xe \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n 200 tri\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh k\u1ef9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 50k khi mua rau<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ea3 t\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773213\"><strong>78. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu neo (Contrast and Anchoring Combined)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 mua nh\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u00f4i gi\u1edbi cho xem nh\u00e0 t\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 5 t\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1 5 t\u1ef7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00f4ng &#8220;t\u1ed1t&#8221; h\u01a1n nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m 1: 500k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m 2: 300k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u00eam s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m 3: 1 tri\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m 1 b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y h\u01a1n (gi\u1edd tr\u00f4ng &#8220;r\u1ebb&#8221; so v\u1edbi 1 tri\u1ec7u)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773214\"><strong>79. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng danh ti\u1ebfng (Reputation Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 danh ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta trung th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n khi bi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan s\u00e1t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi c\u00f3 t\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia gi\u1eef ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch sai v\u00ec &#8220;th\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a&#8221; l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doanh nghi\u1ec7p che gi\u1ea5u l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00ec s\u1ee3 danh ti\u1ebfng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773215\"><strong>80. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o (Pride)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> T\u1ef1 h\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng do m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng: &#8220;Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u00f4i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00f3ng: &#8220;Ch\u00fang ta th\u1eafng&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1i, ch\u1ec9 xem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, qu\u1ed1c gia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Ch\u00fang ta&#8221; vs &#8220;h\u1ecd&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773216\"><strong>81. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng trung b\u00ecnh (Denominator Neglect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1eed s\u1ed1, b\u1ecf qua m\u1eabu s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec vaccine&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nghe \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu 100 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eam \u2192 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 0.0001%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ebfm&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nghe \u00edt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 1000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc \u2192 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 0.1% (cao h\u01a1n vaccine 1000 l\u1ea7n)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u1ed5 s\u1ed1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;Tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 10 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eafc&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nghe nhi\u1ec1u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng 50 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u2192 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773217\"><strong>82. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quy m\u00f4 (Scope Insensitivity)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2,000 con chim: Trung b\u00ecnh 80$<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20,000 con chim: Trung b\u00ecnh 78$<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>200,000 con chim: Trung b\u00ecnh 88$<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch 100 l\u1ea7n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 chi 10 t\u1ef7 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n A<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 5000 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>10 t\u1ef7 l\u00e0 0.0002%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/strong> N\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773218\"><strong>83. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i (Endowment Effect Extended)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf #18, th\u00eam \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 marketing<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;D\u00f9ng th\u1eed 30 ng\u00e0y mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau 30 ng\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y &#8220;s\u1edf h\u1eefu&#8221; d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cho kh\u00e1ch thu\u00ea nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mua<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u1ecd trang tr\u00ed, sinh s\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y &#8220;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1ec5 mua h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773219\"><strong>84. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tu t\u1eeb (Rhetorical Question Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n con m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng?&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng ai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi &#8220;c\u00f3&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch an ninh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t sao?&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;T\u1ea1i sao h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i?&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u1ea7m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773220\"><strong>85. L\u1ed7i v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n (Circular Reasoning)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;T\u1ea1i sao Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang?&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;V\u00ec Ch\u00faa vi\u1ebft&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;T\u1ea1i sao bi\u1ebft Ch\u00faa vi\u1ebft?&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;V\u00ec Kinh Th\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1eady&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;T\u1ea1i sao anh ta \u0111\u00e1ng tin?&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;V\u00ec anh ta ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;L\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft?&#8221; \u2192 &#8220;Anh ta n\u00f3i v\u1eady&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/strong> X\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773221\"><strong>86. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 giai tho\u1ea1i (Anecdotal Evidence)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Tin v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: Vaccine an to\u00e0n cho 99.99%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea1n b\u00e8: &#8220;Con t\u00f4i ti\u00eam vaccine xong b\u1ecb s\u1ed1t 3 ng\u00e0y&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea1n tin b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 h\u01a1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea: 90% ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i do thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;\u00d4ng t\u00f4i h\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn 90 tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn kh\u1ecfe&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tin c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng h\u01a1n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ea1nh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen, \u0111\u00e1ng tin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4 khan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773222\"><strong>87. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh (Emotional Reasoning)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> &#8220;T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y X n\u00ean X l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ai \u0111\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i t\u00f4i&#8221; \u2192 Ngh\u0129 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi&#8221; \u2192 Tin m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;T\u00f4i lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y bay&#8221; \u2192 Tin m\u00e1y bay nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong> C\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773223\"><strong>88. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (Correspondence Bias)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Gi\u1ed1ng Fundamental Attribution Error (#14) &#8211; Quy k\u1ebft h\u00e0nh vi cho t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, b\u1ecf qua ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Castro<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i Castro<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00f3i r\u00f5: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c GIAO nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 vi\u1ebft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Castro th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f9 bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> Di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng vai ph\u1ea3n di\u1ec7n b\u1ecb gh\u00e9t ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773224\"><strong>89. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng chim m\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3 (Decoy Effect &#8211; M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf #47, th\u00eam v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1eb9n h\u00f2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110i bar v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea1n tr\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Wingman effect&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ec7 ngay sau<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1ee8ng vi\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773225\"><strong>90. L\u1ed7i logic chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (Irrelevant Detail)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Chi ti\u1ebft sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng tin h\u01a1n, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y UFO t\u1ed1i h\u00f4m qua&#8221; \u2192 \u00cdt tin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;T\u1ed1i h\u00f4m qua 10:37, t\u00f4i v\u1eeba \u0103n xong pizza Domino, \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, nh\u00ecn ra c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u00e2y nh\u1eb9, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 23 \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1ea5y UFO&#8221; \u2192 Tin h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh g\u00ec<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trong to\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng n\u00f3i chi ti\u1ebft sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2192 H\u1ed9i th\u1ea9m tin h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u2192 \u00cdt tin h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i danh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773226\"><strong>91. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u (Bandwagon Effect &#8211; M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf #6, th\u00eam v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed &#8211; Bong b\u00f3ng Tulip (1637)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gi\u00e1 tulip t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt \u1edf H\u00e0 Lan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00ec &#8220;m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m: 1 c\u1ee7 tulip = 1 c\u0103n nh\u00e0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5: Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ICO 2017: M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua coin v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec hype<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NFT 2021: Tranh digital tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 v\u00ec &#8220;m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773227\"><strong>92. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng false consensus (False Consensus Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129 gi\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u1ea1n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng A<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ngh\u0129: &#8220;\u0110a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 A&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Ch\u1ec9 40% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 startup<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Founder: &#8220;M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Ch\u1ec9 founder v\u00e0 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c ngh\u0129 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edch k\u1ef7 ngh\u0129 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edch k\u1ef7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773228\"><strong>93. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00fa \u00fd ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc (Selective Attention)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh (Invisible Gorilla)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Video: 2 \u0111\u1ed9i chuy\u1ec1n b\u00f3ng r\u1ed5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u1eafng chuy\u1ec1n b\u00f3ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111i qua<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>50% ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem KH\u00d4NG TH\u1ea4Y kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9t<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ec t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ebfm b\u00f3ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u mang b\u1ea7u \u2192 Th\u1ea5y ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang b\u1ea7u \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fa \u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mua xe m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \u2192 Th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n xe m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773229\"><strong>94. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri t\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m (Self-Fulfilling Prophecy)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Rosenthal: N\u00f3i gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh &#8220;th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m: Nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ec gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ngh\u0129: &#8220;Ch\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch t\u00f4i&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: Tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9, l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tin \u0111\u1ed3n: Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1eafp ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773230\"><strong>95. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1eabng h\u1ee5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng (Expectation Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> K\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u01b0\u1ee3u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t chai 10$, m\u1ed9t chai 100$<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i chai 100$ ngon h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MRI n\u00e3o: V\u00f9ng kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n khi ngh\u0129 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1eaft<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3 (Placebo)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m \u0111au th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho 30% ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00e3o ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111au t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pepsi vs Coke kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e3n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00edch Pepsi h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 nh\u00e3n: Th\u00edch Coke h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773231\"><strong>96. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng spotlight retrospective (Knew-It-All-Along Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Hindsight Bias (#11) &#8211; Sau khi bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea7u c\u1eed: &#8220;Kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e1n&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau khi A th\u1eafng: &#8220;T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft A s\u1ebd th\u1eafng&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00e0&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u00e0m ta qu\u00e1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m (v\u00ec ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773232\"><strong>97. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng pratfall (Pratfall Effect)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf \u2192 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch h\u01a1n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n k\u00e9m m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i \u2192 B\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Video ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 kh\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Version A: Anh ta l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Version B: Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 th\u00edch version A h\u01a1n (con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf \u2192 T\u0103ng l\u00f2ng tin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m nh\u1ecf \u2192 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nh\u01b0ng<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n v\u1ed1n gi\u1ecfi. N\u1ebfu v\u1ed1n k\u00e9m, l\u1ed7i th\u00eam l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n th\u00eam k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773233\"><strong>98. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Hyperbolic Discounting)<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> \u01afu ti\u00ean ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ecf ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ch\u1ecdn 100k h\u00f4m nay vs 200k sau 1 n\u0103m \u2192 Ch\u1ecdn 100k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ecdn 100k sau 5 n\u0103m vs 200k sau 6 n\u0103m \u2192 Ch\u1ecdn 200k<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Logic m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0102n b\u00e1nh ngon ngay (kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m t\u1ee9c th\u00ec) vs G\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb9p sau 6 th\u00e1ng (m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau xa) \u2192 Ch\u1ecdn \u0103n b\u00e1nh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Xem phim t\u1ed1i nay (vui ngay) vs H\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 thi t\u1ed1t (l\u1ee3i \u00edch sau) \u2192 Ch\u1ecdn xem phim<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/strong> N\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng khan hi\u1ebfm, \u01b0u ti\u00ean ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773234\"><strong>99. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Zero-Risk Bias<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong> Th\u00edch gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 0 h\u01a1n gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng A: Gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb 5% \u2192 2% (c\u1ee9u 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng B: Gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb 1% \u2192 0% (c\u1ee9u 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ecdn B, d\u00f9 A c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ec &#8220;0 r\u1ee7i ro&#8221; h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chi 100 t\u1ef7 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1ecf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thay v\u00ec chi 100 t\u1ef7 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn h\u01a1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang th\u00edch &#8220;lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh bay ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (r\u1ee7i ro = 0)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e1i xe nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n (r\u1ee7i ro cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773235\"><strong>L\u00c0M TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O \u0110\u1ec2 T\u01af DUY R\u00c0NH M\u1ea0CH H\u01a0N?<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773236\"><strong>1. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u1eadn ra khi m\u00ecnh \u0111ang m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773237\"><strong>2. Ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng: D\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian suy ng\u1eabm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u0111ang c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773238\"><strong>3. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00ecnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773239\"><strong>4. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea &gt; Giai tho\u1ea1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc &gt; Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773240\"><strong>5. Checklist cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1edbn<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111ang m\u1eafc confirmation bias kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u1ebfu b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a id=\"_Toc218773241\"><strong>6. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi sai l\u1ea7m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e2u n\u00f3i k\u1ebft<\/strong> &#8220;Bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan&#8221; &#8211; Socrates<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dobelli nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf: Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng minh nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh ngh\u0129, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ed4NG QUAN CU\u1ed0N S\u00c1CH Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p 99 sai l\u1ea7m t\u01b0 duy (cognitive biases) ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 k\u00e8m v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda. Contents C\u00c1C SAI L\u1ea6M T\u01af DUY QUAN TR\u1eccNG.. 4 1. Sai&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1707,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tom-tat-sach-hay"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1706"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1709,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1706\/revisions\/1709"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1707"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/growhome.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}